Hi Dr. Seifildin, this is the striped blister beetle. Adults are 12 to 17mm long, with a very long and slender abdomen extending behind the wing covers. Adults feed mostly on soybean flowers, young pods, or tender stems and can cause considerable damage when large numbers infest a crop causing yield loss. Blister beetles can transmit bean pod mottle virus. Foliage loss of 20 percent or more may decrease yields when pods are forming and beginning to fill. Apply an pyrethroid based insecticide on the spots with high infestation.

Description This is soybean rust disease. Soybean rust is a foliar disease caused by an obligate biotrophic fungus, Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The pathogen can infect many legume species. Soybean rust results in reduced photosynthesis and defoliation with up to 80% yield reductions in severe infestation. Soybean rust symptoms are commonly found on the underside of the leaf and first appear as small, water-soaked lesions that gradually turn into lesions 2-5mm in diameter. Within the lesions, spore-containing structures (uredinia) are visible with the aid of a dissecting microscope or hand lens. These will produce copious amounts of airborne spores that will go on to infect other soybean plants. Leaves will start to yellow, or become chlorotic, as the disease progresses. Severe infections cause premature defoliation and early maturation. Impact Soybean rust causes a reduction in photosynthesis and an increase in premature defoliation. This leads to fewer pods and smaller seeds, resulting in lower yields. In general, with every 10% increase in rust severity there may be a 10% reduction in yield. Yield losses range from 10-80%. Management Using resistant varieties is the more economical and sustainable means of managing soybean rust. Currently only a few commercial rust-resistant soybean varieties are available that are adapted for Sub-Saharan Africa. Cultural management methods include: planting early and using early maturity groups to avoid infection during the susceptible period (flowering), sanitizing equipment and fields that have had historically bad outbreaks, and rotating with a non-host, such as maize. Fungicides are the commonly used method to control soybean rust. Triazoles are recommended for single fungicide applications as they prevent new infections. Triazole+strobulurin mixtures will provide longer residual protection than either fungicide alone. Fungicide applications should only be considered during late vegetative to R6 growth stages and only if environmental conditions are conducive to the pathogen. Spraying is not economically feasible if the disease has progressed to the upper canopy or if plants are at R6 growth stage. Fungicide availability will vary by location so please check with your extension agent for an updated list of available products.

Description These are stem borer adults. It is also commonly referred to as Dectes stem borer. Stem borer is usually a small long horned beetle whose larvae attacks soybeans. Adult beetles are gray to bluish gray. They have long antennae and alternating light and dark gray bands. Newly hatched larvae are creamy white but darken as they mature. Impact Female lays eggs into the stems at the petioles. When the eggs hatch the larvae bore into the stem and begin to feed on the outer stem then later bore into the main stem. Larvae feeding weakens the stem causing the plant to lodge. This damage reduces the plant's ability to translocate water and soil nutrients to developing pods and seeds, leading to significant yield losses in heavily infested fields. Lodging can cause difficulties in harvesting and significant yield loses. Management. Cultural control options are reccomeded including: control of weeds that may act as alternative host plants. Harvest the crop as soon as it matures to help reduce losses associated with lodged plants. Crop rotation and use of resistant cultivars.

Description These are green stink bugs. Adults have a characteristic “shield” shape. There are several species of stink bugs but the most common in Africa is the green stink bug. Apart from soybean, the pest causes damage to more than 50 host plants. Impact Stink bugs feed on pods and seeds injecting toxins that affect seed germination, quality and may lead to pod distortion. The pods become shriveled and eventually detach from the plant. The seeds are discolored and have low oil content. Management Scouting for stink bugs should begin when soybeans start at flowering and continue until maturity. More attention should be given to field edges to monitor entry of stink bugs into the field. Broad-spectrum insecticides are generally effective and commonly used for stink bug management

You are welcome, hope the information is helpful.

I hope the information was helpful.

These symptoms resemble those of bacterial pustule. This is a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv glycines. Symptoms appear as minute, pale-green spots with raised centres that enlarge to irregularly shaped lesions. Most lesions have prominent pustules on the underside of the leaf. When the lesions join together, leaves become ragged and may drop from the leaf. Bacterial pustule rarely causes defoliation and yield loss. The pathogen can be transmitted by seed and can be spread by windblown rain, rain splash or by machinery during wet conditions. The disease is common in areas prone to warm and wet weather.Scouting is recommended between R1 through R6 of soybean developmental stages. Some of the recommended management options are; use of resistant varieties and pathogen-free seeds.Crop rotation and plowing the field before planting also help to reduce field inoculum level. Avoid cultivation when the leaves are wet.

These symptoms resemble those of an unknown disorder or a possible disease with symptoms we refer to “mustard” leaf spot due to the characteristic yellowish spots on the leaf. The cause of these symptoms has yet to be identified. Similar symptoms have been reported in Zambia, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Brazil and USA. Further studies are needed to identify the causal organism and how to manage it.

These are bruchids or weevils, they are common storage pests that can cause up to 100% damage. These particular ones look like the African cowpea bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus). Female bruchids lay eggs on mature soybean seeds in the field. In storage, the eggs will hatch, and larvae will infiltrate the embryo of the seed and feed until adulthood. Adult bruchids make a characteristic circular hole while eating their way out of the soybean seed. Bruchids feeding cause seed weight loss, loss of seed viability and they alter seed quality due to the presence of insect frass, excrement and dead insects in and on the seed. Good store hygiene can limit infestation by bruchid beetles. Dry grains to moisture level below 13% and store grains in dry, well ventilated areas. Solarisation (sun drying and heating) can also be used to control infestations without affecting seed germination. Remove crop debris from soybean seeds before storage and plant resistant varieties. For more information on this and other important soybean seed seedborne diseases and pests check this link: https://e28390ae-c21d-42e9-b6e3-e0f820d1772b.filesusr.com/ugd/7b7dcd_6c5d3fc3dc4f46e18c68fc6a45f82896.pdf #bruchidbeetles #storagepest